Intfutfuko lechubekako yemboni yevalve (1967-1978)
01 Kutfutfukiswa kwemboni kuyatsintseka .
Kusukela nga 1967 kuya ku 1978, ngenca yetingucuko letinkhulu esimeni setenhlalakahle, kutfutfukiswa kwemboni ye valve nako kwatsintseka kakhulu. Tibonakaliso letiyinhloko nguleti:
1. I valve lokukhicitwako kuncishiswe kakhulu, futsi lizinga lincishiswe kakhulu
2. I valve luhlelo lwelucwaningo lwesayensi lolucale kwakheka lutsintsekile
3. Imikhicito yevalve yekucindzeteleka lokusemkhatsini iphindze ibe yesikhatsi lesifishane
4. Kukhicitwa lokungahleliwe kwemavalvu lanemfutfo lomkhulu nalosemkhatsini kwacala kuvela .
02 Tsatsa tinyatselo tekutsi “umugca lomfisha wevalve” ube mudze
Lizinga lemikhicito ku .ivalvuimboni yehle kakhulu, futsi ngemuva kwekwakheka kwemikhicito yevalve yekucindzeteleka lokusetulu nalokusemkhatsini kwesikhatsi lesifishane, umbuso unamatsela kubaluleka lokukhulu kulokhu. I-Heavy and General Bureau yeLitiko Lekucala Lemishini yasungula licembu lemavalvu kutsi libe nesibopho sekugucula tebuchwepheshe bemboni yemavalvu. Ngemuva kweluphenyo lolujulile kanye nelucwaningo, licembu lemavalvu labeka “Umbiko Ngemibono Yekutfutfukisa Tinyatselo Tekukhicita Temavalvu Lanekucindzeteleka Lokuphakeme Nalokusemkhatsini”, lowaletfwa eKhomishini Yekuhlela Yembuso. Ngemuva kwelucwaningo, kwancunywa kutsi kutjalwe imali lengu-52 million yuan embonini yevalve kute kwentiwe tingucuko tebuchwepheshe kute kucatululwe inkinga yekushoda lokukhulu kwemfutfo lomkhulu nalosemkhatsini .emavalvu kanye nekwehla kwelizinga ngekushesha.
1. Imihlangano lemibili yeKaifeng .
Ngenyanga yeNkhwenkhweti nga-1972, Litiko Lekucala Lemishini labamba umhlangano wavelonkhe .ivalvuumhlangano wemsebenti wemboni eDolobheni laseKaifeng, eSifundzeni saseHenan. Emayunithi langu-125 kanye nebameleli labangu-198 labavela emafemini langu-88 emavalvu, tikhungo letingu-8 letifanele telucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nekuklama, ema-bureau emishini langu-13 etifundzeni nakumasipala kanye nalabanye basebentisi bebakhona kulomhlangano. Lomhlangano wancuma kubuyisela tinhlangano letimbili talemboni kanye nenethiwekhi yebuhlakani, futsi wakhetsa ifekthri yeValve lesetulu ye-Kaifeng kanye nefekthri ye-Tieling Valve njengebaholi belicembu lelinemfutfo lomkhulu kanye nemfutfo lophansi ngekulandzelana, futsi Sikhungo Selucwaningo Lwemishini Jikelele saseHefei kanye neSikhungo Selucwaningo Lwe-Shenyang Se-Shenyang Valve Research bebangumsebenti we-Shenyang. Lomhlangano uphindze futsi wacocisana futsi wafundza tindzaba letiphatselene “nekwentiwa kwetintfo tesimanjemanje katsatfu”, kwenta ncono lizinga lemkhicito, lucwaningo lwetebucwepheshe, kuhlukaniswa kwemikhicito, kanye nekutfutfukisa imisebenti yemboni neyebuhlakani. Kusukela ngaleso sikhatsi, imisebenti yemboni neyebunhloli lebeyiphazamisekile iminyaka lesitfupha seyiphindze yacala. Letinyatselo tidlale indzima lenkhulu ekugcugcuteleni kukhicitwa kwemavalvu kanye nekubuyisela emuva simo sesikhatsi lesifishane.
2. Resume imisebenti yenhlangano yemboni kanye nekushintjana ngelulwati
Ngemuva kweNkhomfa yase Kaifeng nga 1972, emacembu etimboni aphindze acala imisebenti yawo. Ngaleso sikhatsi, bekungemafemu langu-72 kuphela lahlanganyela enhlanganweni yemboni, futsi emafemu lamanyenti emavalvu abengakahlanganyeli enhlanganweni yemboni. Kute kuhlelelwe emafemu lamanyenti emavalvu, sigodzi ngasinye sihlela imisebenti yemboni ngekulandzelana. Shenyang Ifemu Yemavalvu Lanekucindzeteleka Lokuphakeme Nalokusemkhatsini, Ifemu Yemavalvu YaseBeijing, Ifemu Yemavalvu YaseShanghai, Ifemu Yemavalvu YaseWuhan,Ifekthri Yevalvu YaseTianjin, Ifemu Yevalve Yekucindzeteleka Lokuphakeme Nekusemkhatsini YaseGansu, kanye neFemu Yevalve Yekucindzeteleka Lokuphakeme YaseZigong ngekulandzelana inesibopho seNyakatfo-mphumalanga, eNyakatfo China, eMphumalanga China, eNingizimu Lesemkhatsini, eNyakatfo Nshonalanga, naseNingizimu-nshonalanga. Ngalesikhatsi, imboni ye valve kanye nemisebenti yebuhlakani beyihlukahlukene futsi itsela titselo, futsi beyitsandvwa kakhulu ngemafemu kulemboni. Ngenca yekutfutfuka kwemisebenti yemboni, kushintjana njalo ngekuhlangenwe nako, kusitana kanye nekufundzana, akugcini nje ngekukhutsata kwenta ncono lizinga lemkhicito, kepha kuphindze kutfutfukise bunye nebungani emkhatsini wemafemu lehlukahlukene, kute imboni yevalve yakhe yonkhe lehlangene, ngekuvumelana, ngesandla ngesandla Kuya phambili, kukhombisa i-vib scene and .
3. Yenta “tintfo letintsatfu tesimanje” temikhicito yevalve .
Ngekuhambisana nemoya wemihlangano lemibili yeKaifeng kanye nemibono ye-Heavy kanye ne-General Bureau yeMnyango Wekucala Wemishini, Sikhungo Selucwaningo Lwemishini Jikelele saphindze sahlela umsebenti lomkhulu we-valve “wekutsi kwentiwe tintfo letintsatfu tesimanje” ngekusekelwa lokusebenta kwemafemu lehlukahlukene kulemboni. Umsebenti “wekwentiwa kwetintfo letintsatfu tesimanje” ngumsebenti lobalulekile wetebuchwepheshe losisekelo, lokusilinganiso lesiphumelelako sekusheshisa kuguculwa kwetebucwepheshe kwemabhizinisi kanye nekutfutfukisa lizinga lemikhicito yemavalvu. I valve “three modernizations” licembu lekusebenta lisebenta ngekuya kwe “tinhle letine” (kulula kusebentisa, kulula kwakha, kulula kulungisa kanye nekuhambisana lokuhle) kanye “nekuhlanganiswa lokune” (imodeli, imikhawulo yekusebenta, kuxhumana kanye netilinganiso jikelele, tincenye letijwayelekile) timiso. Lokucuketfwe lokuyinhloko kwemsebenti kunetincenye letintsatfu, munye kwenta lula tinhlobo letihlanganisiwe; lokunye kwakha nekubuyeketa licembu lemazinga ebuchwepheshe; kwesitsatfu kukhetsa nekucedzela imikhicito.
4. Lucwaningo lwetebucwepheshe lukhutsate kutfutfukiswa kwelucwaningo lwesayensi .
(1) Kutfutfukiswa kwemacembu elucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nekwakhiwa kwetikhungo tekuhlola Ekupheleni kwa-1969, Sikhungo Selucwaningo Lwemishini Jikelele sasuswa eBeijing saya eHefei, futsi intfo yekucala yekuhlola yekumelana nekugeleta yabhidlitwa, lokutsintse kakhulu lucwaningo lwesayensi. Nga 1971, bacwaningi besayensi babuyela kulelicembu ngekulandzelana, futsi laboratory yelucwaningo lwe valve yakhula yaba bantfu labangetulu kwa 30, futsi yatfunywa ngumnyango kutsi ihlele lucwaningo lwebuchwepheshe. Kwakhiwa laboratory lelula, kwafakwa intfo yekuhlola kumelana nekugeleta, futsi kwakhiwa umfutfo lotsite, kupakisha kanye naleminye imishini yekuhlola, futsi kwacala lucwaningo lwebuchwepheshe ngekuvala ivalve kanye nekupakisha.
(2) Impumelelo leyinhloko Inkomfa yaseKaifeng leyabanjelwa nga-1973 yakha luhlelo lwelucwaningo lwetebucwepheshe lwemboni yemavalvu kusukela nga-1973 kuya ku-1975, futsi yaphakamisa emaphrojekthi elucwaningo lamcoka langu-39. Emkhatsini wabo, kunetintfo letingu-8 tekucubungula lokushisako, tintfo letingu-16 tekuvala, tintfo letingu-6 tekupakisha, intfo yinye yetintfo tagezi, kanye netintfo letingu-6 tekuhlola kanye nekuhlolwa kwekusebenta. Kamuva, eSikhungweni Selucwaningo Lwekushelela saseHarbin, eSikhungweni Selucwaningo Lwekuvikela Tintfo saseWuhan, kanye neSikhungo Selucwaningo Lwemishini Jikelele saseHefei, kwabekwa tisebenti letikhetsekile kutsi tihlele futsi tihlanganise kuhlolwa njalo, futsi kwabanjwa tinkomfa letimbili temsebenti ngetincenye letisisekelo temavalvu lacindzetelako laphakeme nalasemkhatsini kute kuhlanganiswe lwati lolufanako kanye nekusita1. -Luhlelo lwelucwaningo lwetincenye letisisekelo nga 1980. Ngemitamo levumelanako yemboni yonkhe, kwentiwe imiphumela lemikhulu emsebentini welucwaningo lwetebuchwepheshe, lokukhutsate kutfutfukiswa kwelucwaningo lwesayensi embonini yevalve. Imiphumela yayo leyinhloko ilendzelana:
1) Tack ebusweni lokuvala. Lucwaningo lwendzawo yekuvala luhlose kucatulula inkinga yekuvuza kwangekhatsi kwe .ivalvu. Ngaleso sikhatsi, tintfo tekuvala letisetulu bekuyi 20Cr13 na 12Cr18Ni9, lebeyinebucini lobuphansi, kumelana nekugcoka lokubi, tinkinga letinkhulu tekuvuza kwangekhatsi emikhicitweni yevalve, kanye nemphilo lemfisha yekusebenta. Sikhungo Selucwaningo Lwevalve saseShenyang, Sikhungo Selucwaningo Lwekushisela saseHarbin kanye neFekthri Yebhoyila yaseHarbin bakha licembu lelucwaningo lelihlanganisiwe katsatfu. Ngemuva kweminyaka lemibili yekusebenta kamatima, luhlobo lolusha lwe chrome-manganese kuvala indzawo lesetulu (20Cr12Mo8) yakhiwa. Lendzaba inekusebenta lokuhle kwenchubo. Kumela lokuhle kwekuklwebheka, imphilo lendze yekusebenta, futsi kute i-nickel kanye ne-chromium lencane, tinsita tingasekelwa ekhaya, ngemuva kwekuhlolwa kwebuchwepheshe, kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhutsateni.
2) Kugcwalisa lucwaningo. Injongo yelucwaningo lwekupakisha kutsi kucatululwe inkinga yekuvuza kwevalve. Ngaleso sikhatsi, kupakisha kwe valve bekuyi asbestos lefakwe oyili kakhulu kanye ne asbestos ye rubber, futsi kusebenta kwekuvala bekungakalungi, loku kwabangela kuvuza lokukhulu kwe valve. Nga 1967, iGeneral Machinery Research Institute yahlela licembu lekuphenya ngekuvuza kwangaphandle kutsi liphenye letinye titjalo temakhemikhali, tindzawo tekucolela oyili kanye netikhungo temandla, bese kwenta ngenkhutsalo lucwaningo lwekuhlola lokulwa nekugcola ngekupakisha kanye neticu temavalvu.
3) Kuhlolwa kwekusebenta kwemkhicito kanye nelucwaningo lolusisekelo lwetifundvo. Ngesikhatsi benta lucwaningo lwebuchwepheshe,imboni yemavalvufutsi ngamandla kwentiwa umkhicito kusebenta kuhlolwa kanye theoretical lucwaningo lesisekelo, futsi wazuza imiphumela leminyenti.
5. Yenta tingucuko tebuchwepheshe temabhizinisi
Ngemuva kweNkomfa yaseKaifeng nga-1973, yonkhe lemboni yenta tingucuko tebuchwepheshe. Tinkinga letinkhulu lebetikhona embonini ye valve ngaleso sikhatsi: Kwekucala, lenchubo beyibuyela emuva, kulahlwa bekwentiwa ngesandla ngalokuphelele, kulahlwa kwesicumbi sinye, kanye nemathuluzi emshini lasetjentiswa jikelele kanye netintfo letisetjentiswa jikelele bekuvame kusetjentiswa kusebenta ngekubandza. Kungenca yekutsi tinhlobo kanye netincazelo tefemu ngayinye tiphindvwe kakhulu, futsi linani likhulu kulo lonkhe live, kepha ngemuva kwekusakatwa kwefemu ngayinye, le batch yekukhicita incane kakhulu, lokutsintsa kusebenta kwemandla ekukhicita. Ngekuphendvula letinkinga letingenhla, i-Heavy and General Bureau ye-First Ministry of Machinery yabeka letinyatselo letilandzelako: kuhlela emafemu lakhona emavalvu lanemandla laphakeme nalasemkhatsini, kwenta kuhlela lokuhlangene, kwehlukanisa ngendlela lenengcondvo umsebenti, kanye nekwandzisa umkhicito lomkhulu; kwemukela tebuchwepheshe lobutfutfukile, kusungula imigca yekukhicita, kanye nekubambisana emafemini labalulekile kanye netikhala. 4 imigca yekukhicita insimbi lephosiwe lengenalutfo seyisunguliwe endzaweni yekusebenta yekuphosa insimbi, futsi imigca lengu-10 yekukhicita tincenye leticubungula ngekubandza seyisunguliwe emafemini lasitfupha labalulekile; linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-52 million yuan seyifakwe ekuguculweni kwetebucwepheshe.
(1) Kuguculwa kwebuchwepheshe bekucubungula ngekushisa Ekuguculweni kwebuchwepheshe bekucubungula ngekushisa, tebucwepheshe letifana nesikhunta segobolondvo lemagagasi engilazi yemanti, sihlabatsi lesinemanti, sikhunta semagagasi kanye nekukhicita lokunembile sekuthandwa. Kulahlwa lokunembile kungabona chip-less noma ngisho chip-mahhala imishini. Ilungele lisango, indlala yekupakisha kanye nemtimba wevalve kanye nebhonethi yemavalvu lamancane-ebubanti, ngetinzuzo temnotfo letisobala. Nga-1969, iFekthri yeValve yaseShanghai Lianggong yacala kusebentisa inchubo yekulahla lokunembile ekukhiciteni ivalvu, ye-PN16, umtimba wevalvu yesango le-DN50,
(2) Kuguculwa kwebuchwepheshe bekusebenta ngekubandza Ekuguculweni kwebuchwepheshe bekusebenta ngekubandza, kusetjentiswa emathulusi emishini lekhetsekile kanye nemigca yekukhicita embonini yemavalvu. Kusukela nga-1964, iShanghai Valve No. 7 Factory yakha futsi yakhicita umgca wekukhicita umzimba we-valve we-sango we-crawler weluhlobo lwe-semi-automatic, lokungumgca wekucala wekukhicita we-valve we-valve lephansi-umfutfo embonini yevalve. Ngemuva kwaloko, Shanghai Valve No. 5 Ifemu yakha futsi yakhicita umgca wekukhicita lokuzenzakalelako kwe-DN50 ~ DN100 umtimba wevalve yemhlaba wonkhe lenemfutfo lophansi kanye nebhonethi nga-1966.
6. Ngamandla tfutfukisa tinhlobo letinsha kanye nekutfutfukisa lizinga lemasethi laphelele .
Kute kuhlangabetwe netidzingo temasethi lamakhulu laphelele etintfo tekusebenta letifana nephethroliyamu, imboni yemakhemikhali, emandla agezi, imboni yetinsimbi kanye neyemakhemikhali ephethroliyamu, imboni yemavalvu itfutfukisa ngamandla imikhicito lemisha ngesikhatsi lesifanako sekuguculwa kwetebucwepheshe, lokukwente ncono lizinga lekuhambisana kwemikhicito yemavalvu.
03 Sifinyeto
Uma sibuka emuva ku 1967-1978, kutfutfukiswa kwe .ivalvu imboni yake yatsintseka kakhulu. Ngenca yekutfutfuka ngekushesha kwephethroliyamu, emakhemikhali, emandla agezi, timboni tetinsimbi kanye nemalahle, emavalvu lanemfutfo lomkhulu nalosemkhatsini abe “yimikhicito yesikhatsi lesifishane” kwesikhashana. Ngo-1972, inhlangano imboni valve wacala kuphindze wente imisebenti. Ngemuva kwetinkomfa letimbili Kaifeng, ngamandla wenta “modernizations letintsatfu” kanye nemsebenti lucwaningo lobuchwepheshe, kusetha igagasi ingucuko tebuchwepheshe kuyo yonkhe imboni. Nga 1975, imboni ye valve yacala kulungisa, futsi umkhicito walemboni watsatsa luhlangotsi lwaba ncono.
Nga 1973, iKhomishini Yekuhlela Yembuso yavuma tindlela tesakhiwonchanti tekwandzisa umkhicito wekucindzeteleka lokusetulu nalokusemkhatsini .emavalvu. Ngemuva kwekutjala imali, imboni yevalve yente tingucuko letingenteka. Ngekuguculwa kwetebucwepheshe kanye nekukhutsata, lobunye bucwepheshe lobutfutfukile sebutsatfwe, kwentela kutsi lizinga lekucubungula ngekubandza kuyo yonkhe imboni lentiwe ncono ngesilinganiso lesitsite, futsi nelizinga lekusebentisa imishini yekucubungula ngekushisa lentiwe ncono ngesilinganiso lesitsite. Ngemuva kwekukhutsatwa kwenchubo yekushisela ngekufafata nge-plasma, lizinga lemkhicito wemavalvu lanemfutfo lomkhulu nalosemkhatsini lentiwe ncono kakhulu, futsi inkinga “yekuvuza lokufishane lokukodwa nalokubili” nayo yentiwe ncono. Ngekucedvwa kanye nekusebenta kwemaphrojekthi etinyatselo tesakhiwonchanti lange-32, imboni yemavalvu yaseChina inesisekelo lesicinile kanye nemandla lamakhulu ekukhicita. Kusukela nga 1970, umkhicito wemavalvu laphakeme nalasemkhatsini wekucindzeteleka uchubeke wakhula. Kusukela nga 1972 kuya ku 1975, umkhicito wakhula kusuka ku 21,284t kuya ku 38,500t, ngekukhula lokuphelele kwa 17,216t eminyakeni lengu 4, lokulingana nemphumela wemnyaka nga 1970. Umkhicito wemnyaka wema valvu lanemfutfo lophansi bewuzinzile esigabeni se 7,000. Kulesikhatsi, .ivalvu imboni ngamandla yatfutfukisa imikhicito lemisha, hhayi kuphela tinhlobo valves jikelele-injongo baye batfutfukiswa kakhulu, kepha nemavalvu ekhethekile for titeshi amandla, emaphayiphi, ultra-high umfutfo, phansi lokushisa kanye imboni nuclear, aerospace kanye naletinye valves special-injongo nawo atfutfuke kakhulu. Uma ngabe ngemnyaka wa 1960 bekusikhatsi sekutfutfuka lokukhulu kwemavalvu lasetjentiswa jikelele, ngako-ke ngemnyaka wa 1970 bekusikhatsi sekutfutfuka lokukhulu kwemavalvu lasetjentiswa ngalokukhetsekile. Likhono lekusekela lebantfu basekhaya .emavalvu kwentiwe ncono kakhulu, lokuhlangabetana ngalokuyinhloko netidzingo tekutfutfukisa temikhakha leyehlukahlukene yemnotfo wavelonkhe.
Sikhatsi sekuposa: Indlovana-04-2022
