Kubuka konkhe
Ivalvungumkhicito lobalulekile emishinini jikelele. Ifakwa emaphayiphini lehlukahlukene noma emadivayisi ekulawula kugeleta kwemkhatsi ngekushintja indzawo yesiteshi ku valve. Imisebenti yayo ngule: kuhlanganisa noma kunciphisa lokusemkhatsini, kuvikela lokusemkhatsini kutsi kungageleti emuva, kulungisa emapharamitha lafana nekucindzeteleka lokusemkhatsini kanye nekugeleta, kushintja indlela yekugeleta kwemkhatsi, kuhlukanisa lokusemkhatsini noma kuvikela emaphayiphi kanye nemishini kusuka ekucindzetelekeni lokukhulu, njll.
Kukhona tinhlobo letinyenti imikhicito valve, lehlukaniswe .Ivalvu yesango, ivalvu yemhlaba,hlola ivalvu, ivalvu yebhola,ivalvu yevivane, ivalvu yepulagi, ivalvu ye-diaphragm, ivalvu yekuphepha, ivalvu yekulawula (ivalvu yekulawula), ivalvu ye-throttle, ivalvu yekunciphisa umfutfo kanye neTicupho, njll.; Ngekusho kwemphahla, ihlukaniswe ibe yi-alloy yelitfusi, insimbi lephosiwe, insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi ye-alloy, insimbi ye-austenitic, insimbi ye-ferritic-austenitic lenetigaba letimbili, i-alloy lesekelwe ku-nickel, i-alloy ye-titanium, emapulasitiki ebunjiniyela, emavalvu e-ceramic, njll. emavalvu, emavalvu emaphayiphi kanye nemaphayiphi, emavalvu embonini yenuzi, emavalvu emikhumbi kanye nemavalvu e-cryogenic. Uhla lolubanti lwemikhawulo yevalve, usayizi lobitwako kusuka ku-DN1 (yunithi nge-mm) kuya ku-DN9750; umfutfo lomncane kusuka ku-ultra-vacuum ye-1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) kuya kumfutfo lomkhulu kakhulu we-PN14600 (yunithi ye-105 Pa); Lokushisa lokusebenta kusuka ekushiseni lokuphansi kakhulu kwe--269 .°Ckuya ekushiseni lokusetulu kakhulu kwa-1200°C.
Imikhicito yemavalvu tisetjentiswa kakhulu emikhakheni leyehlukahlukene yemnotfo wavelonkhe, njenge oyili, igesi yemvelo, kucolisa nekucubungula oyili negesi kanye netinhlelo tekutfutsa ngemaphayiphi, imikhicito yemakhemikhali, tinhlelo tekukhicita imitsi kanye nekudla, emandla emanti, emandla lashisako kanye netinhlelo tekukhicita emandla enuzi; Tinhlobo letehlukene temavalvu tisetjentiswa kakhulu etinhlelo tekushisa kanye nekuniketa emandla, tinhlelo tekukhicita tinsimbi, tinhlelo temanti emikhunjini, timoto, tindizamshini kanye nemishini leyehlukene yetemidlalo, kanye netinhlelo tekunisela kanye nekukhipha emanti emhlabatsini wemapulazi. Ngetulu kwaloko, emikhakheni yebuchwepheshe lobusha njengekuvikela kanye ne-aerospace, emavalvu lehlukahlukene lanetimphawu letikhetsekile nawo ayasetjentiswa.
Imikhicito yevalve ibala incenye lenkhulu yemikhicito yemishini. Ngekuya kwetibalo temave langaphandle lanetimboni, linani lekukhipha emavalvu libalelwa cishe ku-5% welinani lelikhiphako layo yonkhe imboni yemishini. Ngekuya kwetibalo, sikhungo semandla enuzi sendzabuko lesakhiwe ngemayunithi etigidzi letimbili te-kilowatt sinemavalvu langaba ngu-28 000 lahlanganyelwe, lapho khona langaba ngu-12 000 ngemavalvu esiqhingi senuzi. I-petrochemical complex yesimanje lenkulu idzinga emakhulu etinkhulungwane temavalvu lehlukahlukene, futsi lutjalomali kumavalvu ngalokuvamile lubalelwa ku-8% kuya ku-10% wekutjala imali lephelele emishinini.
Simo lesijwayelekile semboni yevalve eChina lendzala
01 Indzawo yekutalwa yemboni yevalve yaseChina: Shanghai
EChina lendzala, iShanghai bekuyindzawo yekucala yekwakha emavalvu eChina. Nga 1902, Indzawo Yekusebenta Yelitfusi yase Pan Shunji, lebeyisemgwacweni i Wuchang, eSigodzini sase Hongkou, eShanghai, yacala kwenta emacembu lamancane etimpompi tetitja tetiyi ngesandla. Impompi ye-teapot iluhlobo lweqhude lelitfusi leliphosiwe. Nguye umkhiciti wevalve wekucala eChina lowatiwa kuze kube manje. Nga 1919, iDeda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (leyo leyandulela Shanghai Ifemu Yemishini Yekudlulisela) yacala kusuka ebhayisikilini lelincane futsi yacala kukhicita emakhokho elitfusi lanebubanti lobuncane, emavalvu emhlaba, emavalvu esango kanye nema hydrants emlilo. Kukhicitwa kwemavalvu ensimbi lephosiwe kwacala nga 1926, ngebukhulu lobukhulu be NPS6 (ngemasentimitha, NPS1 = DN25.4). Ngalesikhatsi, emafemu e-hardware lafana ne-Wang Yingqiang, i-Dahua, i-Lao Demao ne-Maoxu nawo avulwa kute akhicite emavalvu. Ngemuva kwaloko, ngenca yekukhula kwekufuna emavalvu emapayipi emakethe, lelinye licembu lemafemu e-hardware, emafemu ensimbi, emafemu ekukhicita sihlabatsi (kukhipha) kanye nemafemu emishini avulwa kwenta emavalvu ngekulandzelana.
Icembu lekukhicita emavalvu lakhiwa etindzaweni taseZhonghongqiao, eWaihongqiao, eMgwacweni waseDaming kanye naseMgwacweni waseChangzhi eSigodzini saseHongkou, eShanghai. Ngaleso sikhatsi, tinhlobo letitsengiswa kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya bekungu “Inhloko Yelihhashi”, “Letintsatfu 8′′, “Letintsatfu 9′′, “Luhlavu Lwemali Loluphindvwe kabili”, “Sikhonkwane Sensimbi”, “Libhola Lenkhukhu” kanye “Nelibhola Lelusweti”. Imikhicito ye-cast copper kanye ne-cast iron valve lenemfutfo lophansi isetjentiswa kakhulu kumavalvu emapayipi ekwakhiweni nasetindzaweni tekuhlanteka, futsi linani lelincane le-cast iron valve liphindze lisetjentiswe emkhakheni wemboni yetindvwangu letilula. Lamafemu mancane kakhulu ngesikali, ngebuchwepheshe lobubuyela emuva, imishini yetitjalo lelula kanye nekukhicita lokuphansi kwe valve, kepha yindzawo yekucala yekutalwa yemboni ye valve yase China. Kamuva, ngemuva kwekusungulwa kweNhlangano Yekwakha Yekwakha YaseShanghai, labakhiciti bemavalvu bajoyine lenhlangano ngekulandzelana futsi baba licembu lendlela yemanti. lilunga.
02Tikhungo letimbili letikhulu tekukhicita emavalvu
Ekucaleni kwa 1930, iFekthri Yemishini yase Shanghai Shenhe yakhicita emavalvu esango lensimbi lephosiwe lenemfutfo lophansi ngaphansi kwe NPS12 yemisebenti yemanti. Nga-1935, lefemu yasungula umsebenti lohlanganyelwe ne-Xiangfeng Iron Pipe Fectory kanye ne-Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. banikati bemashezi kutsi bakhe i-Daxin Iron Factory (leyo leyandulela i-Shanghai Bicycle Factory), nga-1936 Yacedvwa futsi yafakwa ekukhiciteni, kunebantfu labasha labasebentako. (1 zhang≈3.33m) lathes kanye nemishini yekuphakamisa, ikakhulukati kukhicita tintfo tekusebenta tetimboni kanye netetimayini, emaphayiphi emanti ensimbi kanye nemavalvu ensimbi, linani lelibitwako levalve ngu NPS6 ~ NPS18, futsi Ingaklama futsi inikete emasethi laphelele emavalvu etitjalo temanti, futsi kuya eNanjinghoz imikhicito itfunyelwa ngaphandle,. Ngemuva kwekutsi “August 13′′ bahlaseli baseJapan bahlale iShanghai nga-1937, linyenti lesitjalo kanye nemishini kulefemu yabhujiswa ngumlilo wetikhali taseJapan. akazange akhone kululama kwaze kwaba ngaphambi kwekusungulwa kweNew China.
Nga 1935, banikati bemashezi labasihlanu labafaka ekhatsi Li Chenghai, somabhizinisi wesive, ngekuhlanganyela basungula iFekthri Yensimbi yase Shenyang Chengfa (leyandulela iFekthri Yemavalvu Ekubopha) eMgwacweni iShishiwei, eSigodzini sase Nancheng, eDolobheni lase Shenyang. Lungisa futsi ukhicite emavalvu. Nga 1939, lefemu yatfutfwa yaya eBeierma Road, eSigodzini sase Tiexi kutsi ikhuliswe, futsi kwakhiwa ema workshop lamabili lamakhulu ekukhipha kanye nekukhicita ngemishini. Nga 1945, beseyikhule yaba tisebenti letingu 400, futsi imikhicito yayo leyinhloko bekungu: emabhoyila lamakhulu, emavalvu elitfusi laphosiwe, kanye nemavalvu esango lensimbi lephosiwe ngaphansi kwemhlaba ngebukhulu lobungaphansi kwe DN800. Shenyang Chengfa Ifektri Insimbi ngumkhiciti valve ulwa nekuphila eShayina lendzala.
03Imboni ye valve ngemuva .
Ngesikhatsi seMphi Yekulwa NeJapan, emabhizinisi lamanyenti eShanghai nakuletinye tindzawo atfutsela eningizimu-ntshonalanga, ngako-ke linani lemabhizinisi eChongqing nakuletinye tindzawo endzaweni lengemuva lakhuphuka kakhulu, futsi lemboni yacala kutfutfuka. Nga 1943, iChongqing Hongtai Imishini Fekthri kanye Huachang Imishini Fekthri (totimbili letifemu bebahamba embili Chongqing Valve Ifekthri) bacala kulungisa kanye nekukhicita tincenye temapayipi kanye nemavalvu laphansi-umfutfo, lowadlala indzima lenkhulu ekutfutfukiseni umkhicito we-cilar kanye ne-civilian ngesikhatsi semphi ku-re. Ngemuva kwekuncoba kweMphi Yekulwa NeJapan, Ifemu Yetintfo Tekusebenta YaseLisheng, Ummango Wetimboni waseZhenxing, Ifemu Yetintfo Tekusebenta YaseJinshunhe kanye neFekthri Yetintfo Tekusebenta YaseQiyi yavulwa ngekulandzelana kute ikhicite emavalvu lamancane. Ngemuva kwekusungulwa kweNew China, lamafemu ahlanganiswa aba yiChongqing Valve Fekthri.
Ngaleso sikhatsi, labanye .bakhiciti bemavalvueShanghai nayo yaya eTianjin, eNanjing naseWuxi kuyokha emafemu ekulungisa nekukhicita emavalvu. Lamanye emafemu e-hardware, emafemu emaphayiphi ensimbi, emafemu emishini noma tindzawo tekugcina imikhumbi eBeijing, eDalian, eChangchun, eHarbin, eAnshan, eQingdao, eWuhan, eFuzhou naseGuangzhou nawo abehlanganyele ekulungiseni kanye nasekukhiciteni lamanye emavalvu emapayipi.
Sikhatsi sekuposa: Julayi-21-2022
